Development of nanoparticles is increasing due to their wide applications in various fields including sensing technologies, sieving properties, electronics and biomedical applications. Copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles are being used in different fields of research. Hence their exposure to animals including humans is increasing. Thus there is a dire need to evaluate the toxicity of CuO nanoparticles using different plant and animal models. We procured copper oxide nanoparticles synthesized at pH 7 and 10 of the precursor solution. Different concentrations (0.1 and 0.01 g/100ml) were made and used for exposure treatments using Allium cepa. CuO nanoparticles showed a dose dependent toxicity in Allium cepa shoot length analysis test. A reduction in the shoot lengths was observed in the treated onion bulbs as compared to the controls. CuO nanoparticles synthesized at pH 10 were found to be more toxic as revealed by shorter shoot lengths as compared to pH7 treated samples.

Bees play a pivotal role in agriculture development, maintaining biodiversity and promoting sustainable livelihoods including food security. Nevertheless, the potential of beekeeping is not fully exploited in forestry activities and development programs because information on the benefits of beekeeping has not been explicitly disseminated to stakeholders. Farmers and other stakeholders in the forestry sector should be well informed and convinced to accept beekeeping as a viable commercial and protective measure to be prioritized and integrated into sustainable forest management (SFM) and other development strategies. Beekeeping belongs to an enterprise where managers are the beekeepers and workers are the bees. This makes it one of the simple, time-saving and low-cost enterprise that could be afforded by people with different financial situations. There is evidence of the decline in the population of pollinating insects, including bees, on the planet due to unsustainable forest management practices that disturb these insects' lifecycles. It is important for SFM stakeholders to understand the environmental, socioeconomic and sociocultural utilities (goods and services) generated by beekeeping in order to identify possible interrelationships between them. Through this understanding, SFM stakeholders could come up with watertight interconnected programs and strategies that could enhance their value.

Nowadays, plant pests and pathogens are responsible for the loss of more than 20-30% of crops. Unfortunately, traditional plant disease management strategies rely heavily on toxic pesticides and fungicides, which pose significant risks to humans and the environment. Fortunately, nanomaterials show great promise in crop protection and plant disease management. These materials can mimic the action of chemical pesticides by serving as carriers of active ingredients such as host-defense-inducing chemicals and pesticides to target pathogens. Due to their ultra-small size, nanomaterials can precisely target and hit pathogens. Nanotechnology offers several benefits to traditional pesticides, such as reducing toxicity, improving shelf-life, and increasing the solubility of poorly water-soluble pesticides. Additionally, nanosensors could revolutionize disease diagnosis, pathogen detection, and residual analysis, making them more precise and faster. Nanoparticles can be utilized in various ways for plant disease management, either as protectants, nanocarriers for insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, and RNA-interference molecules, or as nanocomposites. Despite the many potential advantages of using nanoparticles, very few nanoparticle-based products have been commercialized for agricultural purposes. This is likely due to insufficient field trials and underutilization of pest-crop host systems. Other industries have made great strides in nanotechnology, and to keep up with this progress, agricultural applications must address essential research questions and fill scientific gaps to create realistic and commercialize nanoproducts. This study analyzes the relevance, scope, and potential applications of nanotechnology in plant disease management for the future.

Nanomaterials can be synthesized due to high surface energies of the constitutional elements. Higher surface energies help in greater adsorption. It is well known that nanomaterials are currently useful in almost all fields of human use. Positive aspects of nanotechnology are well researched upon However, the negative aspects of nanomaterials have not been studied much to date. Hence, there is a need to delve more into the negative aspects of nanomaterials This paper reviews both the positive and the negative effects of nanotechnology in a balanced way .The study suggests a good balance in the use of nanotechnology.

Enzymatic treatment on jute-cotton union fabric is ecofriendly way of biopolishing. This study explores the eco-friendly bio-polishing of jute-cotton union fabrics using free enzymes under various treatment conditions. The study analyzed the physical properties of the treated fabric, revealing minimal degradation and increased fiber accessibility. The treatment was measured using Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), providing insights into the chemical bonds and functional groups on the fabric molecule. The treated fabric performance was studied at 3, 6 and 12 h at room temperature. Fabric of a jute-cotton union fabric is improved by all of the treatments, as reflected through FTIR readings. The results showed that the treated fabric was of good quality, as protruding fibers were removed during the bio-polishing process.

Truffles, esteemed members of the kingdom Fungi, are categorized under the phylum Ascomycota and the class Ascomycetes. They belong to the order Pezizales and the family Tuberaceae, with their most prominent and celebrated genus being Tuber. Truffles provide numerous health benefits due to their bioactive compounds. They have antioxidant, anticancer, antiviral, antimicrobial, liver-protective, anti-mutagenic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Truffles are abundant in bioactive compounds, including ascorbic acid, ergosterol, phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, phytosterols, and polysaccharides etc. This review primarily focuses on exploring the nutritional composition, secondary metabolites, and biological activities of Tuber melanosporum Vittad, Tuber magnatum Pico, Tuber borchii Vittad, Tuber gennadii, Tuber aestivum Vittad, Tirmania pinoyi, and Tirmania nivea.